prefix for forming ordinal numbers
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
decisive battle; deciding match; play-off
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
strategy meeting; council of war
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
conference room; council room
so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
directly opposite; right in front
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such ... as; or some such
every person; each one; everybody
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
record of proceedings; minutes
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
series; chain; two reams (i.e. 1000 sheets of paper); verse; stanza
discovery; detection; finding
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
three generations; third generation immigrant; sansei; the third (e.g. Henry III)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then