indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
needle; pin; hook; stinger; thorn; hand (e.g. clock, etc.); pointer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
half; 50%; tie; 5 parts; 5%
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to point; to nominate; to select someone; to identify; to indicate; to play (a game of shogi)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
really; truly; indeed; good grief
coincident with; while; simultaneously
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
flaring up; burning hotly; flying into a rage; losing one's cool; opening suddenly and widely (e.g. eyes, mouth); (arch.) acting resolutely
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
chair; stool; post; office; position
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
to stand up; to get up; to rise; to recover; to take action; to start; to make the initial charge
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to shake; to sway; to waver
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to peek (through a keyhole, gap, etc.); to look down into (a ravine, etc.); to peek into (a shop, bookstore, etc.); to sneak a look at; to take a quick look at; to peep (through a telescope, microscope, etc.); to stick out (a scarf from a collar, etc.)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
handsome; shapely; clean-cut (features)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
standoffishly; primly; pungently (of a smell); acridly; long and pointed (e.g. of a nose); popping (of ears)
strong-willed; strong of heart
to feel; to sense; to experience
with a momentary flash of light
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dainty; delicate; slender; fragile (e.g. furniture); delicate; frail
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on