once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
cannot be undone; can't be recovered from
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
pig (Sus scrofa domesticus); pork; fatso; fatty
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to grow fat; to gain weight; to grow fertile; to be refined (palate); to be discerning (eye, ear); to become rich
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
justice; right; righteousness; correct meaning; correct explanation
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); proprietress; (arch.) entertaining someone as one's guest
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
transactions; dealings; business
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
detestable; despicable; abhorrent
to destroy; to crush; to break by striking; to spoil; to ruin
war; fighting; fierce competition
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to bend many times; to turn and twist; to zigzag
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
in that way; thus; so; so?