benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to pull (the puppet) strings; to direct things from behind the scenes; to stretch out (and keep going); to linger on
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
brewery (sake, soy); brewer; (arch.) warehouse overseer
placing (a person's) ashes inside a funerary urn (or a tomb or ossuary); depositing ashes
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
memorial service held on the seventh day following a person's death
Buddhist memorial service
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go out and away; to leave
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
parting; separation; farewell
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
old book; rare book; classic; secondhand book; used book
street; quarter; district; area
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
while; during (the time when)
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
(criminal) punishment; penalty; sentence