showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
center; centre; metropolis
land near a castle; castle town
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the four cardinal directions; north, east, south and west; surroundings; many countries; the whole world; all around; here and there
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
firm; strong; solid; stable
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
area; domain; territory; field; range; region
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
important cultural property; important cultural asset
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
highly priced; expensive; valuable; costly
traditional craft; traditional handicrafts
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to gather; to collect; to assemble
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to engage in; to participate in; to take part in; to be involved in
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
when it becomes; when it comes to
good feeling; feeling good
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Buddhist ritual implements (esp. altar fittings)
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance