to illuminate; to shine a light on; to light up
to hold out (e.g. against an attack); to hang on; to withstand; to endure; to last
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
these days; nowadays; now; at present; recently; lately
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
imperial government; imperialism; monarchical rule
to perform some process; to apply some treatment; to revise; to correct
place of residence; dwelling place
western part; the west (of a region); the West (United States)
reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground
(air or sea) route; course; line; run
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
position; location; base; point; site
people; race; nation; ethnic group; ethnos
substance; real form; main part; main unit; this machine; this appliance; object of worship (at a shrine, temple, etc.)
manners and customs; folkways; usage
to be related; to be connected; to be joined together; to result in; to lead to; to bring about
to invade; to attack; to breach; to penetrate
to occupy; to hold; to account for; to make up; to take up
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join
open; frank; liberal; open-minded
pizzeria; pizza parlor (parlour); pizza place
having a meal (before doing something); fortifying oneself with a meal
springy (texture); doughy; elastic
crisp (not moist or juicy); crunchy; crunching sound (of walking on snow, frost, sand, etc.); doing skillfully and efficiently; doing quickly; (arch.) sound of pouring liquid
cloth; fabric; dough; batter; inherent quality; one's true character; unglazed pottery