suffix for familiar person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
overall victory; championship; winning the title; (being in) heaven; bliss; perfect contentment
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
being the runner-up; finishing second
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to congratulate; to celebrate
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
lead (in a cheer, toast, song, etc.); (someone's) lead; folk song and dance performed by a group; leader of a group of wind instruments (in gagaku)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in honor or celebration of someone or something); drinking one's glass dry
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one-two finish; competitors from the same country or team finishing first and second
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beginning; outset; first; onset
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
older sister; lass; young lady
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
present continuous tense; present progressive form; ongoing; (currently) active; currently in progress