instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
dryness; aridity; drying (e.g. clothes); insipidity
parched; dried-up; empty; hollow; rattling; clattering
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
whole year; all year round; always; all the time; during an era; middle class (of a nursery school, etc.)
foot (of a mountain or hill); bottom; base
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
to need; to call for; to require
drinking water; potable water
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
rice cultivation; rice crop
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
farming; agriculture; cultivation
stomach; breadbasket; inner man; dietary needs
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
town; city; municipal; urban
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
high temperature and humidity
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
decomposition; ulceration
a blink of time; (lit.) the time it takes to say "Ah!"
smell of something rotten; rotten smell
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
fly (any insect of infraorder Muscomorpha); person of no worth; pisher; scrub
to devour greedily; to wolf down; to gobble up
mediation; agency; carrying (germs, diseases, etc.); transmission; mediation
mosquito larva; wriggler; maggot
bacterium; bacteria; germ
all-purpose; utility; universal; all-powerful; almighty; omnipotent
(religious) piety; faith; devotion