indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
demon; devil; -crazed person; -obsessed person; dreaded; terrible
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon); trace
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
to finish; to get through with; to graduate; to come to an end; to end; to finish doing ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
at the same time; at once; just as ...; the moment ...; (but) at the same time; as well as
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
in that manner; like that
breath; breathing; concord; harmony; steam (coming off hot food, tea, etc.); (water) vapor
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to swallow up (in a crowd, whirlpool, the darkness, etc.); to suck in
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chair; seat; stool; post; position; seat
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to fall off; to tumble down
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be out of breath; to breathe hard (e.g. during physical activity); to pant
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled
aloof; morose; (smelling) strongly; pungently; spiky (esp. of a hairstyle); sticking up straight (e.g. of plant stems)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
reverberation; swelling (of a hymn); lingering memory; aftertaste; suggestiveness (of a book, poem, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...