indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
dukedom; duchy; principality
in that way; thus; so; so?
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
castle town; fortified town
body; group; party; company; troupe
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
un-; non-; negative prefix
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)