indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
child (esp. a boy); viscount; founder of a school of thought (esp. Confucius); master; masters and philosophers (categorization of Chinese classical literature); (arch.) you; -er (i.e. man who spends all his time doing...)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
while; during; while; although; all; both
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
in that way; thus; so; so?
wolf (Canis lupus); wolf in sheep's clothing; womanizer
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at