elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
sixth year of elementary school; sixth year elementary school student
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
table of contents; contents
order; command; directions; instructions
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
after that; afterwards; thereafter
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
really; truly; indeed; good grief
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to prove successful; to take hold; to amount to something
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to extract; to pull out; to draw out; to headhunt; to lure away; to poach
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
very young; little; childish; immature
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to peel; to skin; to pare; to hull; to bare (e.g. fangs); to open wide (e.g. eyes)
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
while; during; while; although; all; both
to be transparent; to be see-through; to be clear; to be clear (voice, sound)
river; stream; River; the ... river