indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
the reverse (side); back (side); other side; hidden side; behind the scenes
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
unforeseen; unexpected; sudden; accidental
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
by means of; due to; because of; according to
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); raw; live (i.e. not recorded)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hope; promise; expectation; anticipation; side of a structural member
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
power; authority; jurisdiction
reincarnation; rebirth; transmigration; metempsychosis
guidance; leading (the way); information; notice; announcement (of a visitor's arrival); informing (someone) of a visitor's arrival
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
to make sure of; to ascertain; to confirm; to grasp
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
personal history; background; career
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
the person in question; prominent figure; distinguished person; that person
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to make good use of; to use to one's advantage
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to be sticky; to be adhesive; to persevere; to persist; to stick to
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to perceive; to sense; to take in; to grasp; to feel
myself; yourself; I; me; you
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice