indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
farm (livestock); stock farm; ranch; pasture; meadow; grazing land
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
pride (in one's achievements, possessions, etc.); self-praise; boast
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
number one; first; best; most; game; round
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to live up to expectations; to meet expectations
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
mainly; primarily; mostly; largely; chiefly
meal (e.g. lunch, dinner); diet
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
build; physique; frame; constitution
to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
luggage; baggage; burden; payload (of a packet, cell, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to use (a brush, chopsticks, etc.); to move
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
to put on airs; to throw one's weight about; to swagger; to act arrogantly
rancher; cattleman; person who owns or runs a ranch
attitude; manner; behaviour; attitude (towards an issue, etc.); position; stance
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)