New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Hades; the underworld; the other world; realm of the dead
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in that way; thus; so; so?
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
serious; not joking; straight
name; given name; first name
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be absent; to take a day off; to rest; to have a break; to go to bed; to (lie down to) sleep
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to restrict; to limit; to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be best (for); to be the best plan
it is not (like that) either
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
don't you think?; indicates question
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
majority; more than half; most (of); mostly; largely; mainly
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
to coil around; to follow about; to be related to; to concern; to be associated with