town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
scale; scope; plan; structure
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
pivot; vital point; cornerstone; Japanese photinia
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
river; stream; River; the ... river
fertile; rich; productive
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
grace; favor; favour; blessing; benefit
to participate in; to take part in; to play a part in; to receive; to be given; to enjoy
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
crop; crops; (agricultural) produce; farm products
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
price; cost; value; worth; value
to sell (well); to be well known; to be popular; to be famous
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
much more; still more; single layer (or storey, etc.); (arch.) rather; (arch.) sooner
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!