there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
fine (grain, workmanship, etc.); close (weave); delicate; precise; accurate; careful
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
furnishings; implements; equipment
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
splendor; splendour; gorgeousness; showiness; gaudiness; extravagance
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
mainly; primarily; mostly; largely; chiefly
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to adjust; to regulate (e.g. rhythm, tune, one's breathing)
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence; power
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
aristocrat; nobleman; dignitary; person of high rank
intended for ...; oriented towards ...; aimed at ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
commoner; plebeian; commoner (in Japan between 1869 and 1947; the lowest of the three classes)
woman; female; feminine gender
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
elder sister; effeminate man
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
(all) through (e.g. the night); throughout (e.g. the year); within (e.g. the week); in the course of (e.g. today); all over; throughout (e.g. the world)