indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
to make a sound; to give off a sound; to hear a sound
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to assemble; to congregate
bulging; swelling (e.g. with water); loose-fitting or baggy (clothing); bubbling; foaming
to swell (out); to expand; to be inflated; to get cross; to get sulky; to pout
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
bits and pieces; frizzily (as in perm)
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
to run (of liquid); to spread; to blur; to blot; to ooze; to well up (of tears, etc.)
leaving as is; leaving alone; leaving to chance; neglecting; abandoning
lump; mass; group; crowd; embodiment (of an idea, quality, feeling etc.); personification
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to have a cramp; to twitch; to stiffen (of a face, expression); to freeze; to shrink (of skin, due to a scar); to tauten
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to get mended; to be repaired; to return to normal; to recover (e.g. one's temper); to be corrected; to get put right; to come right