to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tending a store; salesperson; sales clerk; shop assistant
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at the very beginning of one's speech; the first thing (one) says after opening the mouth
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
leaving out; omitting; skipping; (beating) in succession; in a row
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
entrance; front door; entryway; entranceway; entry hall; vestibule
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
lack of expression; blank look (on one's face)
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to cock one's head in puzzlement; to tilt one's head in contemplation; to wrack one's brain; to think hard
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in