literary fragment; interpreting (and using) a passage without regard to its context
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
birth; creation; formation
valley; ravine; glen; gorge
settlement; village; community; (bacterial) colony
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
field of flowers; flower garden; flower bed
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
look (esp. an angry or upset look); expression
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
both hands; both arms; ten
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
light; faint; pale; fleeting
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
to put one's strength into
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
same; similar; (just) like; equal
pigment; coloring; colouring; colorant; colourant
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)