exception; supernumerary; extra (e.g. performance, item, object, etc.); additional; outsize
compilation (of a text); editing; volume (of a text); completed literary work
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
surface; face; outside; exterior; appearances; superficiality
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
moss; short plants resembling moss (incl. other bryophytes, lichens, very small spermatophytes, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
closely (packed, lined up, etc.); tightly; densely; (work) sufficiently
to stick (to); to cling (to); to adhere (to); to stay (in a place); to stick close (to someone); to follow (someone) around
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
letter (of an alphabet); character; writing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to show appreciation for (efforts, esp. by someone of equal or lower status); to thank for; to reward for
bond (between people); (emotional) ties; bonds; tether; fetters
to make sure; to check; to ascertain; to confirm; to verify
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
such; like that; that sort of
festival; feast; carnival; matsuri