indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
gun; cannon; artillery; ordnance
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
sickle; leading question; trick question; sickle-and-chain (weapon); spear with curved cross-blades; gooseneck tenon and mortise joint; (arch.) noisiness
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
river; stream; River; the ... river
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
link (e.g. in a chain of events); part (of a plan, campaign, activities, etc.); monocyclic
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
student (esp. a university student)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
oar; all; (pulling an) all-nighter; staying up all night long
free time; time at leisure
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
Golden Week (early-May holiday season in Japan)
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)