indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
secondary residence; vacation home; villa
stand; rest; setting (of a gem); mounting; stock (in grafting); counter for machines and vehicles; level (e.g. price level)
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
soft to the touch (e.g. fur, feathers); fluffy; to stroke (something fluffy); to rub; to pat
while; during; while; although; all; both
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
weather; fair weather; fine weather
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
coat (of hair or fur); lie of (dog's) hair; type; sort; lineage; breeding
more than usual; especially; particularly
soft (and fluffy) (e.g. bed, bread, baked potato); (arch.) absent-mindedly
best; supreme; wonderful; highest; maximum; most
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (someone)
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to be opposite; to face each other; to confront (an issue); to face
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
summons; subpoena; citation; summoning (a spirit, demon, etc.); evocation; invocation
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
head-on; to one's face; squarely; directly; flatly (e.g. refuse)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
affinity; compatibility; chemistry (between people)