indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
senior high school student
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to consist of; to be made up of; to be concluded (e.g. of an agreement); to hold true (e.g. of a theory); to be viable (of a business, lifestyle, etc.); to carry on
society; public; community; social studies
raging waves; stormy seas; hardships; troubles; adversities
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
and yet; though; when; in spite of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
ten-year-old; ten year old
difference; variation; difference
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
a little; a bit; a small amount; a little while; a short time; a moment