indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
the last moment; the very end
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
great; excellent; distinguished; important; awful; terrible
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to force someone to clamp with their teeth; to force into someone's mouth (e.g. a gag); to wedge into a space; to inflict (a blow); to deal (a hit); to pull (a joke)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; intention; mind; mood
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
kneeling down on the ground; prostrate oneself
to master (a skill); proprietor; manager; leader; chief; master (of arts, science, etc.); master (recording)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
end; conclusion; last; final; once ...; the moment ... (, that's it)
illustration (in a book, newspaper, etc.); picture
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
final chapter; last chapter; last section (of a book, essay, song etc.); epilogue
to finish; to end; to close
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
winning a prize; receiving an award; being awarded
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
before; prior to; ago; the past; before; previously
that; the matter in question
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)