application; subscription; entry (competition, raffle, etc.); enlistment
just before; just prior to; right in front of; just in front of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
counter for thin, flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper, plates, coins); counter for portions of gyōza or soba; counter for ranks; counter for wrestlers of a particular rank; counter for fields or rice paddies; counter for palanquin bearers
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
completion; perfection; accomplishment
on the contrary; far from it; if anything; in fact; instead
slip; omission; upshot; denouement; punch line (of a joke)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
middle; halfway; half (of); one half; half (e.g. done, jokingly); partly
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
while; even though; despite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(one's) sleeping hours; hours of sleep
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
while; during; while; although; all; both
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
(outward) appearance; (proper) format (e.g. of an essay); form; appearances; decency; lip-service
to be ready; to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be adjusted; to be regulated
9th day of the month; nine days
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
astonished; shocked; amazed; astounded; aghast