starting (machine, engine, car, etc.); activation
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
town area; urban area; metropolitan area; built-up area
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
exactly; precisely; just; as if; as though; quite
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; situation; position; location
several; a number of; quantity; amount; counting; figures; number
book; volume; this; present; main; head
route (bus, train, air, etc.); line; line (taken by a group, organization, etc.); policy; course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
in the prefecture; prefectural
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
leading; prominent; eminent; counting on one's fingers
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
city; Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
elevated (structure); overhead
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
railway track; railway line; railroad; railway; track; line
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
typical; representative; archetypal; quintessential; stereotypical; model
first floor; ground floor; one floor; one storey; one rank
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
examination of tickets; ticket gate; ticket barrier
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
passing through; through passage
hole; hole (in golf); (golf) cup; (electron) hole
stairs; stairway; staircase
elevator; lift; elevator (aviation)