indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spirit world; underworld; the next world
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to be surprised; to be astonished
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
small peninsula; cape; promontory; headland
senior high school; high school
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
towards (a destination); for the purpose of; with the goal of; targeting (a group, a demographic)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to kick; to refuse; to reject; to stamp (on the ground); to firmly press one's feet (against something)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to spring; to jump up; to fly up; to skip
to float in the air; to be unfinished; to be unsettled; to be undecided
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
regrettable; disappointing; precious; dear; too good for; deserving better
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
upper; upward; outer; surface; top
fate; destiny (esp. as a mysterious force that binds two people together); relationship (e.g. between two people); bond; family ties; affinity; opportunity
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
rolling over; turning over; turning around (the other way); reversal (of direction, course, etc.); producing a positive from a negative (photography); producing a negative from a positive