hello; good day; good afternoon
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Kansai (region comprising Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe and surrounding prefectures); Kansai (western half of Japan; during the feudal era)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
Kantō (region comprising Tokyo and surrounding prefectures); Kantō (eastern half of Japan; during the feudal era)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
moving (dwelling, office, etc.); changing residence
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
one roll; one book; one volume; first volume; rolling once; wrapping once around
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
Kantō native; person from Kantō
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to ask; to enquire; to query
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
such; like that; that sort of
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
standard language (used in government, education, etc.); standard Japanese
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
takoyaki; octopus dumplings
sauce; Worcestershire sauce
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear