until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
outline; summary; argument
senior high school; high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to pursue; subsequently; following that; (and) then
educational institution; school; academy; campus
moving into (a city, etc.); transfer (to a new school)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
person who occupies a position or rank; person who is good enough to be ranked in a sport
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
reigning (over a country); dominating; controlling; dictating
to allow; to enable; to make possible; to make feasible; to permit
mystery; mysteriousness; secret
owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.)
individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
interests and preferences
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
shut-in; stay-at-home; hikikomori; social withdrawal; shunning other people
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
barrier; protective wall; obstacle; hindrance; imaginary shield that gives one invincibility or immunity
to manufacture; to produce; to raise (crops); to invent; to dream up; to create