indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
energy; vigour; vigor; liveliness; spirit; life
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
hearsay; rumor; rumour; report
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
as if; as though; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest; really; completely
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
aspect; phase; condition; modality
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to let leak; to let out (e.g. light); to let out (a secret); to leak (information); to give utterance to (e.g. one's dissatisfaction); to vent; to wet one's pants
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
royal capital; imperial capital
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
business conditions; the market; good (economic) times; prosperity; liveliness; energy
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
working away from home (esp. abroad); person working away from home; migrant worker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to prosper; to flourish; to thrive
(not even) a little; (not even) a tiny bit
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
port city; harbor city; harbour city
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around (sexually; esp. of a male homosexual); having an active sex life
in the mountains; among the mountains
town; city; municipal; urban
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)