request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
(medieval) knight; samurai on horseback
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to face each other; to be opposite (to)
somewhere; in some respects; in some way
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
cold; frigid; dignified; distinguished; (of an atmosphere) tense; nerve-racking
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
to be lifted up (with a crane, ropes, etc.); to be raised; to be hoisted; to turn upward (esp. of eyes); to slant upward
to shoot through (a wall, the heart, etc.); to go through; to pierce; to hit (e.g. the bull's-eye)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
a few years ago; some years back
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
probably; (most) likely; in all likelihood; I suspect; I dare say; I'm afraid
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't you think?; indicates question
really; truly; indeed; good grief