indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to hold one's breath; to catch one's breath
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
figure of a person; figures of people; shadow of a person
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to resolve; to ready (oneself); to make up one's mind
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
to step forward; to step forth; to advance; to start; to embark on; to set forth on
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
to stop (in one's tracks); to come to a stop; to halt; to pause; to stand still
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
clanging; empty; deserted
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh