indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
training (for a skill, job, sport, etc.); practice; working out; workout; (strength, weight) training
to work hard; to try hard; to strive; to endeavour; to endeavor; to devote oneself to
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
end; close; conclusion; termination
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
25th day of the month; 25 days
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
strict; close; precise; scrupulous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
event; festivities; function; social gathering; auspices; opening