life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
birth (of a person); nativity; creation; formation; one's first birthday
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to celebrate; to congratulate; to present (a gift) in celebration; to drink in celebration; to wish for (a happy future, good fortune, etc.); to pray for
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to become loose; to slacken (e.g. rope); to become less tense; to relax; to slacken (e.g. coldness, supervision); to become lax; to become softer (e.g. ground, facial expression)
withering of vegetation in winter; winter decay; winter-blight; bleakness of winter; business slump in winter (esp. in February)
scene; spectacle; sight; view
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to work hard; to work diligently; to do one's best; to try one's hardest
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
busy; occupied; hectic; restless; hurried; fidgety
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
gentle; quiet; mild; quiet (color, pattern, etc.); sober
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
domestic animals; livestock; cattle
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
exercise; physical training; appeal; campaign; motion; movement
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
preparation; provision; defenses; guard; military formation; troop arrangement
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
insulating one's house for winter climate; winter insulation; covering one's crops for winter climate; wintering cover (of plants); covering unused boats in winter (e.g. with straw mats)
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and