indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
royal castle; imperial castle
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
research; study; investigation
machinery and materials; equipment; materials for manufacturing machinery
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
record; document; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); setting (a record); recording (a record high, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to write down; to note down; to mention; to describe; to inscribe; to mark
makimono; handscroll; roll of cloth (for making a kimono); scarf; stole; makizushi
storage; putting away; receipt (of funds, payment, etc.); harvesting
shelf; ledge; rack; trellis
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
workshop; studio; atelier
changing completely; transformation
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
corner; section; one horn; pillar (of a group, system, etc.); member (of an organization, etc.); first corner
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be transparent; to be see-through; to be clear; to be clear (of a voice or sound)
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment)
interior; inside; internal
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to satisfy (conditions, one's appetite, etc.); to meet (e.g. demands); to fulfill; to fill (e.g. a cup); to pack; to supply
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
stout; corpulent; plump; voluptuous
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
excess flesh; surplus fat; flab
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright