to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
presumably; it seems that ...; I guess that ...; I suppose that ...; one could infer that ...
seems to be; appears to have; supposed to be
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
age thirty; one's thirties
to have an interest (in something); to feel inclined (toward doing something)
age difference; disparity in age; age gap
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to imitate; to copy; to mock; to trace; to forge
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
electricity; (electric) light
the West; the Occident; Western countries
Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
recent past; recent times; early modern period (Azuchi-Momoyama to Edo in Japan)
sense of values; values; value system
science; to think about scientifically; to think in terms of science
(sense of) cleanliness; (sense of) freshness; clean impression
petroleum products; petrochemical products
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
another world (esp. in fiction); otherworld; parallel universe; different-dimension world; isekai
to spread; to propagate; to popularize; to broaden; to extend; to widen
arm; ability; skill; (physical) strength
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
tasteless and odorless; bland
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
salt; salt content; amount of salt; salinity
good flavor (flavour); good taste; umami (fifth category of taste in food); skill; cleverness; profit
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with (skillfully); handling (well); managing
constitution (physical); physical make-up; predisposition (to disease); character (of a group, organization, etc.); innate characteristics; make-up
individual differences; personal equation
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
to notice; to realize; to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses)