preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one day; (on) a certain day
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to mutter; to murmur; to grumble; to tweet; to post on Twitter
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
irritation; annoyance; frustration
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
university; college; former imperial university of Japan (established under the ritsuryō system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
professor; teaching; instruction
to serve as; to act as; to fill (the position of); to play the role of; to be in charge of; to hold (a position)
foreign; abroad; overseas
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
publication (e.g. of an article in a newspaper); carrying (e.g. a story); running (e.g. a serial); insertion (e.g. of an advertisement); printing; posting (e.g. on the web)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
lamentable; deplorable; regrettable; sad; wretched
science; to think about scientifically; to think in terms of science