indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
black and white; monochrome; good and evil; right and wrong; guilt and innocence
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold out; to extend (e.g. a hand); to present; to submit; to sacrifice; to give (up)
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to recall; to remember; to recollect
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
domestic animals; livestock; cattle
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
head; chief; top student; head of the class; top seat; first desk (in orchestra)
on a stage; on a platform; on an altar
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
every year; yearly; annually
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to weigh on one's mind; to trouble one's heart; to be concerned about; to worry about
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
(relative) merits; superiority or inferiority; quality
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
equal; identical; the same; no different (from); just like; equivalent
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to be better (than); to be superior; to surpass; to excel; to be excellent
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding