if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
silence (not speaking); muteness
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
distinguished family; good family; great master; expert; Meika; kuge family class ranking above Hanke and below Urinke
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
nobility; aristocracy; peerage
society; public; community; social studies
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; below (a standard, level, etc.); under; the following; the below-mentioned
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
reserve; spare; preparation; preliminaries
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
incompetence; inefficiency; inability; incompetent person
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
while it may be true that; just because; nevertheless; not necessarily
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be peevish; to sulk; to pout
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw out; to drop; to toss; to abandon; to neglect; to dismiss
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
method; way; manner; process; procedure; means
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to rise (suddenly) in the world (to a higher position)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
studying very hard; studying like mad
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
under 1 year old (of a baby); (lit.) 0 years old
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
training; education; development; cultivation
engine; agency; organisation; system; facility
highest peak; highest mountain; greatest authority; most prominent person; pinnacle (e.g. of art)