preface; foreword; introduction; beginning; start
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
clergyman; churchman; clergy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
pure white; blank (e.g. mind, paper)
cumulonimbus; gigantic columns of clouds (in summer); thunderhead
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stand up; to get up; to recover; to regain one's energy; to (stand up and) take action; to rise up (against); to rise (from a crouch) and make the initial charge
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) well; (not) properly; (not) enough; (not) sufficiently; (not) satisfactorily; (not) decently
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
cry (of an animal); call; chirp; song; caw; roar
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to rain incessantly; to downpour
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
gods of the land; earthly deities
all the gods and goddesses; all the deities
yours sincerely; respectfully yours
wise; clever; smart; well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; good
to say; to be called; to do
dispersal; breaking up; running away; fleeing
towering; astonishingly high
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
torii (Shinto shrine archway)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go under; to pass under; to dive (into or under the water); to evade; to get around; to survive
grounds (esp. of shrines and temples); compound; churchyard; precincts
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
sharp (knife, claws, etc.); pointed; sharp (pain, tone, etc.); acute; keen (intuition, sense of smell, etc.); acute
(fighting) spirit; motivation; shout (for getting in the right mood to deal with something, etc.); cheer; kiai; short shout when performing an attacking move
to resound; to echo; to reverberate