indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
to look upwards; to look up
cloudless (sky); without a cloud (in the sky)
clear weather; cloudless weather; good weather
to rustle; to sway; to stir; to flutter
gentle breeze; soft wind; breath of air; zephyr
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
summer vacation; summer holiday
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
town; city; municipal; urban
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
smooth (of a surface); glassy; smooth (of an action, proceedings, etc.); fluent (speech); continuously differentiable
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
to cross (e.g. road); to traverse
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
to flow into; to pour into; to stream into
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
smartly dressed; stylish; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
surroundings; environs; circumference
being dotted with; being scattered
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing