pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
estimate (of costs); budget
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be used up; to be run out; to be exhausted; to be consumed; to come to an end
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
captain; commander; commanding officer; leader
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
what kind of; what sort of; what
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
shh!; sh!; shush!; shoo!; go away!
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
index finger; forefinger; first (occ. second) finger; second toe
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
calmly; quietly; gently; be quiet!
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
softly; gently; stealthily; secretly; to leave alone; to leave as it is
to soothe; to calm; to pacify
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
conference room; council room
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
corridor; hallway; passageway
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
funny; amusing; strange; odd; wrong; unsuitable