emperor (of Japan); mikado
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make sure of; to ascertain; to see with one's own eyes; to watch to the end; to watch to make sure (that)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
single; simple; singles (tennis, badminton, etc.); win bet (bet which predicts the winner of a race)
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
basics; fundamentals; basis; basically; fundamentally
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
state (of affairs); situation; appearance; look(s); sign; indication
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
deep emotion; being filled with emotion
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
difficulty; hardship; trouble; infeasibility; inability (to carry out)
to await; to wait for; to expect
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
rival; competitor; competition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
not straightforward; not dealt with by ordinary means; very hard to manage
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out