since when; from when; how long
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
beginning; outset; first; onset
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
as (X, then Y); with; in accordance with; in proportion to
increasingly; more and more; decreasingly; less and less
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adroit
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
emperor (of Japan); mikado
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
middle school (esp. the middle school section of a school that also encompasses other grades); junior high school
second-year student; second-year pupil; biennial; biennial plant
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
(present) head of a family
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
party (social gathering); party (group of people participating in an activity, esp. mountain climbing); (political) party
participation; joining; entry
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; site; grounds
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
storehouse; warehouse; godown
to stand still (for a while); to remain in one place; to stand alone (of a building, statue, tree, etc.); to stand quietly; to wander about; to loiter
but; however; provided that