solitary island; isolated island
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
existence; being; presence
size; dimension; large and small (sizes); various sizes; daishō (matched pair of long and short swords); large and small drums; long months and short months
island; one's territory (of a sex worker, organized crime gang, etc.); one's turf
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
not less than ...; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; the above; the above-mentioned
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rival; competitor; competition
to take a view or perspective; to regard as; to consider to be
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
kind; sort; species; species
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
magic; sorcery; witchcraft; magic tricks (with large-scale props)
(study of) pharmacy; pharmaceutics
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
direction; district; area; field (e.g. of study); sphere; quarter
research; study; investigation
prosperous; flourishing; popular; widespread; active; lively
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
nine; team; players on a team; no
dukedom; duchy; principality
dwarf (esp. in folklore or fantasy literature)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
nothing but; except; no more than
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to extol; to sing the praises of; to celebrate; to declare; to stipulate; to express
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to concentrate one's effort (on something)