to make (tea, coffee, etc.); to brew a beverage (with hot water)
to drink; to swallow; to smoke (tobacco); to swallow up; to engulf; to suppress (one's anger, bitter feelings, etc.); to keep down
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
close friend; bosom friend; buddy; crony; chum
name; given name; first name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
way of calling (something or someone)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
novel; story; (work of) fiction
to raise one's face; to lift one's head; to raise one's eyes
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
living; lifestyle; living room
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
coffee cup; spinning teacups (amusement ride)