indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
husband and wife; married couple
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
exactly; precisely; just; just (like); as if; as though
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
to go past; to pass; to pass by
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to notice; to realize; to be attentive; to be scrupulous; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses)
bookstore; bookshop; publisher; main building
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to approach; to draw near; to gather (in one place); to come together; to stop by (while on one's way to another place); to drop by; to grow old
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to shout; to cry (out); to scream; to clamor (for or against); to advocate; to insist
tsk; tut; shoot; chirp; tweet
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
clicking one's tongue; tut-tut; smacking one's lips (with relish)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
such; like that; that sort of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
irritation; annoyance; frustration
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
this is why; that is the reason why; it is the case that; so; thus; with that
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed