indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
one day; (on) a certain day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
returning home; going home; coming home; getting home
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
training; practice; discipline; ascetic practices
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
keenly; deeply; calmly; quietly; fixedly (gazing, staring); intently
real feeling; actual feeling; to actually feel; to have a real feeling (that ...); to experience personally
next term; next period; next version; next release
responsibility; duty; obligation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to lean over (and cover with one's body); to bend over (someone); to (stand tall and) lean on (someone); to weigh on one; to bear (heavily) on one; to lie on one
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
what with A and B; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; denotes uncertainty
makimono; handscroll; roll of cloth (for making a kimono); scarf; stole; makizushi
to be buried; to be covered; to be hidden
to nail (to something); to nail down; to bang (e.g. one's head); to knock; to throw (at a wall, on the floor, etc.); to fling (at)
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
accurate; correct; precise; exact