altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
10,000; ten thousand; 10^4
metre (unit of length); meter; meter; gauge
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to name; to call; to christen; to term
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
people; men and women; each person; everybody
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to build; to construct; to erect; to build up (a reputation, position, fortune, etc.); to establish (a relationship, household, tradition, etc.); to lay (a foundation)
though; although; notwithstanding; while; as; at the same time as
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right under; directly below; right beneath
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to become frightened; to be frightened (of); to be scared (of)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
return (home); repatriation; feedback (in an electronic circuit, biological system, etc.)
(wielding) dual swords (esp. in fiction); twin swords; pair of Chinese straight swords wielded simultaneously (oft. sharing a single scabbard)
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to meet fortuitously; to meet by chance; to happen across
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
nice to meet you; I'm glad to make your acquaintance; how do you do?
to say; to be called; to do